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ObjectiveTo identify the prototypical components and metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus（SCF） based on sequential metabolism combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MethodBlood and cerebrospinal fluid samples of integrated metabolism， intestinal metabolism and hepatic metabolism were collected from male SD rats after gavage and in situ intestinal perfusion administration， and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and compare the differences in the spectra of SCF extract， blank plasma， administered plasma， blank cerebrospinal fluid and administered cerebrospinal fluid with ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 µm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-7 min， 95%B； 7-12 min， 95%-35%B； 12-17 min， 35%-15%B； 17-20 min， 15%-12%B； 20-22 min， 12%-5%B； 22-23 min， 5%B； 23-25 min， 5%-95%B； 25-28 min， 95%B）. And heated electrospray ionization（HESI） was used with positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was m/z 100-1 500. The prototypical constituents and their metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of SCF were identified according to the retention time， characteristic fragments， molecular formulae and the information of reference substances. ResultA total of 42 chemical components were identified in the extract of SCF， including lignans， flavonoids， amino acids， tannins， and others， of which lignans were the main ones. A total of 27 prototypical components and 14 metabolites were identified in plasma samples from different sites. A total of 15 prototypical components and 9 metabolites were identified in cerebrospinal fluid. The main metabolic reactions involved in the formation of metabolites were mainly demethylation， methylation， demethoxylation and hydroxylation. ConclusionThrough the systematic identification of the prototypical components and metabolites of SCF in rats， it provides data support for further better exploring the material basis of SCF in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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ObjectiveTo study the metabolism of chemical components from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP）in different parts of rats by sequential metabolism and ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-HRMS）. MethodSD male rats were employed as experimental subjects， and blood samples of intestinal metabolism and hepatic metabolism were prepared after administration of CRP ethanol extract by in situ intestinal perfusion， and comprehensive metabolic samples were collected after intragastric administration. UPLC-HRMS was used to analyze the samples with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B）as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-10 min， 10%-30%A； 10-30 min， 30%-95%A； 30-31 min， 95%-10%A； 31-35 min， 10%A）at a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1， using a heated electrospray ionization with positive and negative ion mode scanning in the range of m/z 100-1 500. Under these conditions， the differences in the profiles of CRP ethanol extract， blank plasma and drug-containing plasma under different treatment groups were compared， and the chemical components of each sample were analyzed and identified based on the retention time， accurate relative molecular mass， primary and secondary ion fragments， and the information of reference substances. ResultA total of 44 chemical components were identified in the CRP ethanol extract， including flavone-O-glycosides， flavone-C-glycosides and polymethoxyflavonoids， etc. The results of sequential metabolism showed that 22 chemical components in CRP were detected in the intestinal metabolic sample， 18 chemical components were detected in the hepatic metabolic sample， and 9 identical chemical components（narirutin， hesperidin， meranzin， 5，7，8，3ʹ，4ʹ，5ʹ-hexamethoxy-flavone， isosinensetin， sinensetin， 3，5，6，7，8，3ʹ，4ʹ-heptamethoxyflavone， nobiletin and tangeretin）could be detected in all three metabolic samples， with a total of 22 compounds entering the blood in prototype form. ConclusionThe identified 21 components with well-defined structures entering the blood as prototypes may be potential active components of CRP， and differences in the components at different metabolic parts can provide an experimental basis for elucidating the in vivo biotransformation process of the metabolic components of CRP.
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Confusional arousal (CA) is a rare non-rapid eye movement sleep-related parasomnia and rarely reported in China, leading to misdiagnosis and mistreatment in clinic. A detailed collection of clinical symptoms and simultaneous video polysomnography is very important for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CA. A elderly patient with CA was diagnosed according to the International classification of sleep disorders, third edition diagnostic criteria. The summary and analysis of the patient is conducted to improve the understanding of CA, meanwhile to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
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Objective:To explore the clinical significance of different metabolic parameters measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in predicting the effectiveness of chemotherapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Methods:A set of metabolic parameters of PET/CT and clinical characteristics which were detected from 127 patients (70 males, 57 females, age (56.8±10.1) years) with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with at least two cycles of chemotherapy in Hainan Cancer Hospital between August 2017 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of those parameters on patients′ survival were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) and Cox proportional hazards model.Results:Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), metabolic tumor volume 30% (MTV 30), and total lesion glycolysis 30% (TLG 30) had larger areas under the curve (0.581, 0.606 and 0.693 respectively) compared with other imaging parameters, and the optimal cut-off values were 10.12, 20.21 cm 3 and 81.25 g respectively. Kaplan-Meier univariate and Cox analyses synergistically showed that clinical stage (hazard ratio ( HR)=0.293(95% CI: 0.190-0.451), P<0.001), smoking ( HR=0.732(95% CI: 0.605-0.885), P=0.001), and MTV 30 ( HR=1.555(95% CI: 1.078-2.242), P=0.018) had significant predictive value for progression-free survival (PFS). Stratified analysis showed that smoking and MTV 30>20.21 cm 3 were independent prognostic factors for poor PFS in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving chemotherapy ( HR=0.738(95% CI: 0.611-0.893), P=0.002; HR=1.502(95% CI: 1.037-2.177), P=0.032). Conclusions:Clinical stage, smoking and MTV 30 are independent prognostic factors of PFS in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving chemotherapy. MTV 30≤20.21 cm 3 is expected to be an image biomarker for predicting survival and selecting patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who are more likely to benefit from chemotherapy.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of azithromycin combined with methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe mycoplasma pneumonia in children.Methods:A total of 200 children patients with severe mycoplasma pneumonia who received treatment in Putuo District People's Hospital of Zhoushan, China from January 2015 to December 2018 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment with azithromycin (control group, n = 100) or azithromycin combined with methylprednisolone (observation group, n = 100) for 7 successive days. Time to improvement of signs and symptoms, total effective rate, inflammatory factors, incidence of adverse reactions, and length of hospital stay were compared between the control and observation groups. Results:Fever subsidence time, cough disappearance time, lung rale disappearance time and length of hospital stay in the observation group were (6.30 ± 2.16) d, (10.05 ± 2.36) d, (7.06 ± 1.95) d, (11.06 ± 2.07) d, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(7.75 ± 2.84) d, (12.37 ± 3.10) d, (12.30 ± 2.2) d, (14.78 ± 2.61) d, t = 4.064, 5.955, 17.734, 11.167, all P < 0.05). Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [97.0% (97/100) vs. 85.0% (85/100), χ2 = 8.791, P < 0.05]. After treatment, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor levels in the observation group were (8.72 ± 2.19) mg/L, (13.50 ± 3.65) ng/L, (6.06 ± 1.25) ng/L, (16.28 ± 5.09) ng/L, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(16.11 ± 3.73) mg/L, (25.13 ± 4.86) ng/L, (8.42 ± 1.74) ng/L, (36.20 ± 6.41) ng/L, t = 17.085, 19.135, 11.015, 24.337, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Azithromycin combined with methylprednisolone is highly effective and safe for the treatment of severe mycoplasma pneumonia in children. This treatment method can improve clinical symptoms and reduce inflammatory reactions in children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia.
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature bone marrow cells with an immunosuppressive effect, and they are abundant in tumor patients and can induce tumor cells to escape the killing of immune cells and thus promote the development, progression, and metastasis of tumor. In recent years, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment has attracted more and more attention, but the mechanisms of its recruitment and differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment have not been clearly elucidated. This article mainly summarizes the mechanism of action of tumor cells and tumor stromal cells in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment (such as hepatic stellate cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated endothelial cells) in the recruitment and differentiation of MDSCs, and it is proposed to target MDSCs as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the potential value of immunotherapy for liver cancer.
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Objective:By adopting network pharmacology to study the mechanism of the two classical Chinese herbs Danggui-Baishao in treating cardiovascular diseases. Methods:By searching from TCMSP and related literature, together with the databases of TCMSP, SWISS and STITCH, potential active compounds of Danggui-Baishao were collected, while the targets for cardiovascular diseases were obtained from TTD, OMIM and DrugBank databases. Then the PPI network was screened for the major targets. The KEGG Pathway annotation analyses of major targets were performed by using the DAVID database. The ingredient-major target-key pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape. Results:There were 17 compounds and 54 major targets in the ingredient-target-pathway network, as well as 10 key pathways, including inflammation-related pathway (TNF signaling pathway), pathways related to cardiovascular system (such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway), prolactin signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway.Conclusions:The study verified the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets and integral regulation for Danggui-Baishao with the application of network pharmacology. It predicted that Dangui-Baishao couldtreat cardiovascular diseases mainly by regulating angiogenesis, inflammatory response and apoptosis.
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Objective@#By adopting network pharmacology to study the mechanism of the two classical Chinese herbs Danggui-Baishao in treating cardiovascular diseases.@*Methods@#By searching from TCMSP and related literature, together with the databases of TCMSP, SWISS and STITCH, potential active compounds of Danggui-Baishao were collected, while the targets for cardiovascular diseases were obtained from TTD, OMIM and DrugBank databases. Then the PPI network was screened for the major targets. The KEGG Pathway annotation analyses of major targets were performed by using the DAVID database. The ingredient-major target-key pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape.@*Results@#There were 17 compounds and 54 major targets in the ingredient-target-pathway network, as well as 10 key pathways, including inflammation-related pathway (TNF signaling pathway), pathways related to cardiovascular system (such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway), prolactin signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway.@*Conclusions@#The study verified the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets and integral regulation for Danggui-Baishao with the application of network pharmacology. It predicted that Dangui-Baishao couldtreat cardiovascular diseases mainly by regulating angiogenesis, inflammatory response and apoptosis.
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Objective@#To explore serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and whether changes of BDNF and GDNF are correlated with sleep quality and cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).@*Methods@#Fifty-seven CID patients in the Department of Sleep Disorders, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from May 2017 to July 2018. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the degree of insomnia severity (some CID patients were monitored by overnight polysomnography). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Nine-Box Maze were used to assess general cognitive function and specific memory function, respectively. The serum levels of BDNF and GDNF were detected using ELISA.@*Results@#Compared to the controls, CID patients had significantly higher PSQI scores (CID patients: 14.0±2.2, healthy controls: 3.9±1.1; t=28.093, P<0.01), lower MoCA scores (CID patients: 24.5±3.6, healthy controls: 26.5±0.9; t=-2.985, P<0.01), more errors in object working memory (CID patients: 1.0 (0, 1.0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0.3)), spatial working memory (CID patients: 3.0 (2.0, 4.0), healthy controls: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0)) and object recognition memory (CID patients: 0 (0, 0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0); Z=-2.896、-5.007、-2.306, P<0.05), and lower serum BDNF (CID patients: (19.48±7.50) ng/ml, healthy controls: (46.49±13.33) ng/ml; t=-10.274, P<0.01) and GDNF (CID patients: (32.76±14.04) pg/ml, healthy controls: (59.63±20.30) pg/ml; t=-7.240, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that in the CID patients, the levels of BDNF and GDNF were correlated with PSQI scores negatively (r=-0.293, -0.320, P<0.05) and MoCA scores positively (r=0.331, 0.295, P<0.05). The BDNF level was also correlated with the duration of disease and the errors in the spatial working memory test negatively (r=-0.319, -0.393, P<0.05), and the GDNF level was correlated with the total sleep time detected with polysomnogram positively (r=0.520, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Serum BDNF and GDNF levels in CID patients were lower than those in healthy controls, and correlated with sleep quality and cognitive impairment.
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Objective@#To explore serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and whether changes of BDNF and GDNF are correlated with sleep quality and cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).@*Methods@#Fifty-seven CID patients in the Department of Sleep Disorders, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from May 2017 to July 2018. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the degree of insomnia severity (some CID patients were monitored by overnight polysomnography). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Nine-Box Maze were used to assess general cognitive function and specific memory function, respectively. The serum levels of BDNF and GDNF were detected using ELISA.@*Results@#Compared to the controls, CID patients had significantly higher PSQI scores (CID patients: 14.0±2.2, healthy controls: 3.9±1.1; t=28.093, P<0.01), lower MoCA scores (CID patients: 24.5±3.6, healthy controls: 26.5±0.9; t=-2.985, P<0.01), more errors in object working memory (CID patients: 1.0 (0, 1.0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0.3)), spatial working memory (CID patients: 3.0 (2.0, 4.0), healthy controls: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0)) and object recognition memory (CID patients: 0 (0, 0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0); Z=-2.896、-5.007、-2.306, P<0.05), and lower serum BDNF (CID patients: (19.48±7.50) ng/ml, healthy controls: (46.49±13.33) ng/ml; t=-10.274, P<0.01) and GDNF (CID patients: (32.76±14.04) pg/ml, healthy controls: (59.63±20.30) pg/ml; t=-7.240, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that in the CID patients, the levels of BDNF and GDNF were correlated with PSQI scores negatively (r=-0.293, -0.320, P<0.05) and MoCA scores positively (r=0.331, 0.295, P<0.05). The BDNF level was also correlated with the duration of disease and the errors in the spatial working memory test negatively (r=-0.319, -0.393, P<0.05), and the GDNF level was correlated with the total sleep time detected with polysomnogram positively (r=0.520, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Serum BDNF and GDNF levels in CID patients were lower than those in healthy controls, and correlated with sleep quality and cognitive impairment.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the accuracy of automatic segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) in radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).@*METHODS@#The CT image data of 147 NPC patients with manual segmentation of the OARs were randomized into the training set (115 cases), validation set (12 cases), and the test set (20 cases). An improved network based on three-dimensional (3D) Unet was established (named as AUnet) and its efficiency was improved through end-to-end training. Organ size was introduced as a priori knowledge to improve the performance of the model in convolution kernel size design, which enabled the network to better extract the features of different organs of different sizes. The adaptive histogram equalization algorithm was used to preprocess the input CT images to facilitate contour recognition. The similarity evaluation indexes, including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff Distance (HD), were calculated to verify the validity of segmentation.@*RESULTS@#DSC and HD of the test dataset were 0.86±0.02 and 4.0±2.0 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between the results of AUnet and manual segmentation of the OARs (@*CONCLUSIONS@#AUnet, an improved deep learning neural network, is capable of automatic segmentation of the OARs in radiotherapy for NPC based on CT images, and for most organs, the results are comparable to those of manual segmentation.
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Humans , Databases, Factual , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Organs at Risk , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the changes of serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase and their correlations with sleep and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia (CI).Methods:From September 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019, fifty CI outpatients or inpatients from the Department of Sleep Disorder, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, were enrolled continuously, and thirty good sleepers from the Physical Examination Center of the hospital, were also enrolled to serve as controls. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), polysomnography (PSG) and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) were used to assess the insomnia severity and sleep disorder susceptibility. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) and Nine-Box Maze were used to respectively assess general cognition and memories. The serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared to the controls, the CI patients had increased PSQI score (16.0 (15.0, 17.0) vs 4.0 (2.8, 6.0); Z=-7.678, P<0.001) and PSAS score (33.0 (30.0, 37.5) vs 17.0 (16.0, 18.5); Z=-7.350, P<0.001), decreased MoCA score (24.1±2.5 vs 26.7±1.9, t=-4.625, P<0.001), increased numbers of errors in the object working (1.0 (0, 1.0) vs 0 (0, 1.0), Z=-2.099, P=0.036), spatial working (2.0 (1.0, 4.0) vs 1.0 (0, 2.0), Z=-3.935, P<0.001) and object recognition (1.0 (0, 2.0) vs 0 (0, 0), Z=-2.266, P=0.023) memories, and elevated serum levels of copeptin ((35.1±19.9) pg/ml vs (14.8±6.9) pg/ml, t=5.414, P<0.001) and α-amylase ((990.1±193.7) U/L vs (728.9±230.5) U/L, t=5.597, P<0.001). In the CI patients, the level of copeptin was positively correlated with PSQI score ( r=0.338, P=0.013), PSAS score ( r=0.316, P=0.021), sleep latency ( r=0.324, P=0.018), number of awake ( r=0.325, P=0.017) and stage 1 percent of non-rapid eye movement sleep ( r=0.278, P=0.044), and negatively correlated with stage 2 percent of non-rapid eye movement sleep ( r=-0.279, P=0.043); α-amylase was positively correlated with numbers of awake in PSG ( r=0.293, P=0.033). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that copeptin level affected PSQI score (β=0.255, P=0.043) and sleep latency (β=0.254, P=0.043). Conclusion:The levels of copeptin and α-amylase in CI patients elevate, and copeptin may be associated with initial sleep difficulties, but not with cognitive ability, in patients with CI.
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Objective To explore serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF),and whether changes of BDNF and GDNF are correlated with sleep quality and cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).Methods Fifty-seven CID patients in the Department of Sleep Disorders,Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from May 2017 to July 2018.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the degree of insomnia severity (some CID patients were monitored by overnight polysomnography).Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Nine-Box Maze were used to assess general cognitive function and specific memory function,respectively.The serum levels of BDNF and GDNF were detected using ELISA.Results Compared to the controls,CID patients had significantly higher PSQI scores (CID patients:14.0±2.2,healthy controls:3.9± 1.1;t=28.093,P＜0.01),lower MoCA scores (CID patients:24.5±3.6,healthy controls:26.5±0.9;t=-2.985,P＜0.01),more errors in object working memory(CID patients:1.0 (0,1.0),healthy controls:0 (0,0.3)),spatial working memory (CID patients:3.0 (2.0,4.0),healthy controls:1.0 (1.0,2.0)) and object recognition memory (CID patients:0 (0,0),healthy controls:0 (0,0);Z=-2.896、-5.007、-2.306,P＜0.05),and lower serum BDNF (CID patients:(19.48 ± 7.50) ng/ml,healthy controls:(46.49± 13.33) ng/ml;t=-10.274,P＜0.01) and GDNF (CID patients:(32.76± 14.04) pg/ml,healthy controls:(59.63±20.30) pg/ml;t=-7.240,P＜0.01).The partial correlation analysis showed that in the CID patients,the levels of BDNF and GDNF were correlated with PSQI scores negatively (r=-0.293,-0.320,P＜0.05) and MoCA scores positively (r=0.331,0.295,P＜0.05).The BDNF level was also correlated with the duration of disease and the errors in the spatial working memory test negatively (r=-0.319,-0.393,P＜0.05),and the GDNF level was correlated with the total sleep time detected with polysomnogram positively (r=0.520,P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum BDNF and GDNF levels in CID patients were lower than those in healthy controls,and correlated with sleep quality and cognitive impairment.
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OBJECTIVE： To screen the quality control components of Chrysanthemum morifolium based multiple component metabolism， and study its network pharmacology effect. METHODS： The water extract of C. morifolium was prepared. A total of one rats were selected， water extract of C. morifolium was perfused in jejunum segment after abdominal anesthesia； plasma sample 1 was collected by double perfusion collection. Other 3 rats were given water extract of C. morifolium intragastrically， and plasma sample 2 was collected by abdominal aorta blood collection. UPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze water extract of C. morifolium and plasma sample component， and prototype blood-entry component in water extract of C. morifolium was identified after metabolism. TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction database were used to screen the core target of prototype blood-entry component. DAVID database was used to enrich the related pathways of core target. The quality control components were screened according to topological parameters. Cytoscape software was used to analyze pharmacological effect of quality control components of C. morifolium. RESULTS： After UPLC-MS/MS analysis， 27 compounds were identified in water extract of C. morifolium， among which there were 12 prototype blood-entry components. After network pharmacology analysis， 7 quality control components were identified， i.e. cosmosiin， apigenin-7-O-glucuronide， luteolin， tilianin， apigenin， hesperetin， acacetin. It was possible to treat cancer， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， and neurological diseases by acting on metabolic pathway， cancer related pathway， signal transduction related pathway， adipocyte lipolysis regulatory pathway， etc. CONCLUSIONS： The study screen the possible quality control components of water extract of C. morifolium. The theoretical pharmacological effect of it can be clarified through network pharmacology， which can provide a new idea for the utilization of C. morifolium.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of isoquercitrin， astragalin and salvianolic acid B in Moringa oleifera leaves granules. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Cosmosil-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃ and detection wavelength was set at 260 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear ranges of isoquercitrin， astragalin and salvianolic acid B were 0.017-0.341， 0.010-0.194， 0.010-0.195 mg/mL， respectively （all r＞0.999 0）. The detection limits were 0.085， 0.143， 0.117 μg/mL， and the limits of quantitation were 0.283， 0.476， 0.392 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 101.22％， 98.76％ and 98.72％， and RSDs were 0.66％，0.30％，0.30％ （n＝6）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， accurate and reproducible. It can be used for simultaneous determination of isoquercitrin， astragalin and salvianolic acid B in M. oleifera leaves granules.
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Objective To propose a method of prediction for fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital and a method of feature selection via machine learning models. Methods 728 digestive tract hemorrhage samples were extracted from the first aid database of PLA General Hospital, and 343 patients among them were diagnosed as fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital. A total of 64 physiological or laboratory indicators were extracted and screened. Based on the ten-fold cross-validation, Logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost were used for classification prediction and comparison. XGBoost was used to search sequence features, and the key indicators for predicting fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital were screened out according to the importance of the indicators during training. Results Logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost all get better F1.5 score under each feature input dimension, among which XGBoost had the best effect and the highest score, which was able to identify as many patients as possible who might have fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital. Through XGBoost iteration results, the Top 30 indicators with high importance for predicting fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital were ranked. The F1.5 scores of the first 12 key indicators peaked at iteration (0.893), including hemoglobin (Hb), calcium (CA), red blood cell count (RBC), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCH), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet count (PLT), magnesium (MG), lymphocyte (LYM), glucose (GLU, blood gas analysis), glucose (GLU, blood biochemistry) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusions Logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost could achieve the purpose of early warning for predicting fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital, and XGBoost is the most suitable. The 12 most important indicators were screened out by sequential forward selection.
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Objective To investigate the status of coal-burning type endemic fluorosis in Ludian County of Yunnan Province,to evaluate the prevention and control effect.Methods Multi-stage sampling was adopted in 2016.Five townships from Ludian endemic fluorosis areas and 2 villages of each township were randomly selected.The condition (children's dental fluorosis,urinary fluoride,adult skeletal fluorosis),epidemic factors (use of stoves,fluoride content of main household foods,indoor air fluoride content),health education awareness of endemic fluorosis were investigated in the above mentioned villages.Results The dental fluorosis positive rate of children aged 8-12 was 10.14％ (51/503) while a total of 503 children were investigated,the index of dental fluorosis was 0.16,and adult skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 1.92％ (2/104) while a total of 104 adults were investigated.The geometric mean of urinary fluoride content of children was 0.39 mg/L,ranging from 0.02 to 2.54 mg/L.Totally 98,161,and 151 samples of pepper,rice,and corn were detected.The medians of fluoride content were 0.96,0.42,and 0.43 mg/kg,respectively,ranging from 0.26 to 13.46,0.13 to 2.20,and 0.21 to 2.54 mg/kg,respectively,in which the fluorine contents of pepper 48.98％ (48/98) was higher than 1.0 mg/kg.The correct drying rates of both corn and pepper were 100.00％ (201/201),and the correct preservation rates of corn and pepper was 99.50％ (200/201) and 100.00％ (201/201),respectively.The use rate of improved stove,rate of intact stove,correct use rate of intact stove were 100.00％ (201/201),96.02％ (193/201) and 100.00％ (193/193),respectively.The fluoride contents in the indoor air of the families (the fire period was 0.32 μg/m3 and the fire extinguishing period was 1.22 μg/m3) from the areas of fluorosis which had properly used the improved stoves were lower than that of the national hygienic limit content (the one-hour average concentration limit is 20 μg/m3).The knowledge of prevention and control of coal-burning type fluorosis among fifth-grade primary school students and household heads was investigated in 104 and 201 people,respectively,with the awareness rates of 80.77％ (252/312) and 86.23％ (520/603),respectively.Conclusion By implementing the comprehensive prevention and control measures,which mainly focus on the improvement of the stove and the health education,the coal-burning fluorosis in Ludian County has been effectively controlled,and the prevention and control work has achieved remarkable results.
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Objective To study the influence of different doses of remifentanil on postoperative hemodynam -ics in patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods Ninety patients underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Weihai Municipal Hospital were selected as the subjects ,and they were divided into A group (0.2μg/kg· min remifentanil),B group(0.3μg/kg· min remifentanil),C group (0.5μg/kg· min remifentanil) according to the random number table method ,with 30 cases in each group.The relative operative indicators (including operation time,anesthesia time,extubation time and analgesia time ) of the three groups were compared ,and compared the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the three groups at different stages (T0:preoperation,T1:immedi-ately after operation,T2:one day after operation,T3:three days after operation).The adverse reactions were recorded and compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences on relative operative indicators among the three groups (F＝1.278,1.346,0.987,2.232,all P＞0.05).The levels of HR and MAP in A group ,B group and C group at T1 were ( 94.68 ±8.51) times/min and (105.84 ±11.37 ) mmHg, ( 81.82 ±9.17 ) times/min and (97.14 ±9.02)mmHg,(75.24 ±8.29)times/min and (82.39 ±10.87)mmHg,respectively.The levels of HR and MAP in A group were higher than those in B group and C group (t＝5.630,3.283,8.962,8.165,all P＜0.05).The levels of HR and MAP in B group were higher than those in C group (t＝2.915,5.720,all P＜0.05).The HR and MAP of A group at T1 were higher than those of T0,T2 and T3 (t＝7.118,6.249,6.977,all P＜0.05,t＝3.632, 3.728,3.717,all P＜0.05).The HR and MAP of C group at T1 were lower than those of T0,T2 and T3 (t＝2.060, 2.043,2.068,all P＜0.05,t＝5.429,5.549,5.341,all P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in HR and MAP of B group at T0,T2 and T3 (t＝1.408,0.529,1.106,all P＞0.05,t＝0.480,0.430,0.437,all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (χ2＝3.069,P ＞0.05).Conclusion Different doses of remifentanil have great impact on postoperative hemodynamics undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy ,while the dose of 0.3μg/kg· min is stable,which is worthy of attention.
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Objective To investigate the radiological features of invasive adenocarcinoma presenting as pGGN.Methods The pathological,clinical and imaging data of 45 pGGN lesions in 40 patients (9 males,31 females;average age (56.31 ± 3.44) years) with pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University from November 2010 to April 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were confirmed by pathological diagnosis.x2 test and two-sample t test were used.ROC curve analysis was also used to evaluate the optimal cut-off points of lesion size and mass for diagnosing invasive adenocarcinoma.Results There were 20 patients with adenocarcinoma of situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) in group 1 (23 pGGN lesions),while another 20 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma in group 2 (22 pGGN lesions).The vascular convergence sign between 2 groups was statistically significant (13/23 in group 1 and 19/22 in group 2;x2 =4.874,P＜0.05).Statistically differences in the lesion size ((13.83±4.49) mm in group 1 and (20.32±5.97) mm in group 2) and in the lesion mass ((0.36± 0.34) g in group 1 and (0.98±0.44) g in group 2) were found between 2 groups (t values:4.131,5.355;both P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off points of the size and the mass were 17.3 mm and 0.69 g respectively,with the sensitivities of 73％ (16/22) and 77％ (17/22),and the specificities of 87％(20/23) and 91％(21/23).Conclusion The size,mass,and vascular convergence sign are helpful to detect invasive adenocarcinoma present as pGGN.
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Objective To compare the curative effect with high frequent oscillation ventilation (HFOV) and with HFOV + inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure (NRHF).Methods Data of 60 NHRF patients in the People's Hospital of Dehong Prefecture from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into HFOV group (32 cases) and HFOV + iNO group (28 cases) according to the treatment methods.The comparison between the 2 groups was established as following:oxygenation index(OI),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [Pa (CO2)] and complications.Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in time of birth,gestational age,birth weight,gender ratio and original diseases (all P ＞ 0.05).As for OI there was no significant difference at 0 h between the 2 groups (27.8 ± 3.5 vs.27.6 ± 3.7) (t =0.04,P ＞ 0.05);OI of HFOV + iNO group (11.2 ± 3.4,7.3 ± 3.0,7.0 ± 2.6,respectively) was more significantly decreased than that in the HFOV group (14.5 ± 3.3,9.6 ± 3.0,8.5 ± 2.8,respectively) at 8 h,16 h,24 h,and there were significant differences between the 2 groups (t =3.81,5.16,2.14,all P ＜ 0.05).As for P a (CO2) there was no significant difference at 0 h [(65.14 ± 14.97) mmHg vs.(64.79 ± 13.40) mmHg] (t =0.095,P ＞ 0.05);the changes in Pa (CO2) had no statistically significance difference between HFOV + iNO group and HFOV group at 8 h,16 h,24 h [8 h:(50.71 ± 10.49) mmHg vs.(49.02 ± 11.74) mmHg,16 h:(40.99 ± 12.38) mmHg vs.(40.02 ± 12.04) mmHg,and 24 h:(39.01 ±9.80) mmHg vs.(38.00 ±7.85) mmHg,all P ＞0.05].As for the complications,there was no difference between the 2 groups in pulmonary air leak,pneumorrhagia,intracranial hemorrhage,blood platelet ＜100 × 109/L,methemoglobin concentration ＞ 3％,or dysfunction of blood coagulation (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both HFOV and HFOV + iNO methods are effective for NRHF.Treatment with HFOV + iNO method is more effective.Treatment for NHRF with HFOV + iNO is safe,effective,without complication increase in a short term.